Jesus in Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Jesus in Islam - Essay Example This exposition analyzes the Jesus known by the Muslims and what the Christians consider him (Ali, 124) The two Christians and Muslims concur that Jesus was conceived of the Virgin Mary, who was unadulterated a clean on the most fundamental level (Mk 3.16; 7.4 ;). Notwithstanding, Muslims contest that Jesus was not the child of God but rather one of His prophets. In the sacred Quran, God imparts to the individuals that Jesus was a common man simply like Adam both shaped from the dirt through Gods power. Muslims hence hang on that Jesus was not the child of god since he was made simply like Adam who has never been alluded to as the child of God (Al-Imran, 59-60). Christians on the opposite side have a solid accept that Jesus was the child of god who was brought into the world through the intensity of the Holy Spirit without the sexual demonstration among Mary and Joseph, who had sold out her. Ascribing Jesus to the child of God in Islam is in this manner contested since it is an idea that implies that Allah laid down with Mary in order to bring forth Jesus which isn't accurate (Quran, 3 :45-47). Christians states that Jesus was both human and celestial being conceived in type of a man where the virgin Mary imagined over the intensity of the sacred spirit.As such, (Mt 9.34) Christians adore Jesus as the child of God. The holy book depicts Jesus as a godlikeness in the trio; god the child god the dad and Gog the Holy Spirit (Mk 3.16; 7.4; Lk 24.32, 5). In the holy book, God makes reference to that all the three divinities to be similarly both in power quality and heavenliness (Nelson, 532). In contrast to Christians, Muslims, differ on the heavenliness of Jesus. They invert him rather and allude him to one of the Gods courier who had been sent by Allah to speak with the humanity. Muslims accepts that since Jesus was made simply like Adam and different prophets known to him individuals ought not adore him yet rather have confidence in his lessons that he was sent by Allah to impart this individuals as an ambassador (Quran, 3:59). In Muslim religion, Jesus performed wonders yet this doesn't make

William Blake :: English Literature

William Blake William Blake was conceived in London, where he went through a large portion of his time on earth. His father was an effective London hosier and pulled in by the principles of Emmanuel Swedenborg. Blake was first instructed at home, essentially by his mom. His folks urged him to gather prints of the Italian bosses, and in 1767 sent him to Henry Pars' drawing school. From his initial years, he encountered dreams of holy messengers and spooky priests, he saw and talked with the heavenly attendant Gabriel, the Virgin Mary, also, different authentic figures. At 14 years old Blake was apprenticed for a long time to the etcher James Basire. Gothic workmanship and design affected him profoundly. After learns at the Royal Academy School, Blake began to deliver watercolors and etch outlines for magazines. In 1783 he hitched Catherine Boucher, the little girl of a market cultivator. Blake instructed her to draw and paint and she helped him ardently. In 1774 Blake opened with his better half and more youthful sibling Robert a print shop at 27 Broad Street, however the endeavor bombed after the demise of Robert in 1787. Blake's significant social and social contacts included Henry Fuseli, Reverend A.S. Mathew and his better half, John Flaxman (1755-1826), a stone carver and sketcher, Tom Paine, William Godwin, and Mrs Elizabeth Montagu (1720-1800), wedded to the well off grandson of the baron of Sandwich. His initial sonnets Blake composed at 12 years old. Be that as it may, being early apprenticed to a manual occupation, journalistic-social vocation was definitely not open to him. His first book of sonnets, POETICAL SKETCHES, showed up in 1783 and was trailed by SONGS OF INNOCENCE (1789), and SONGS OF EXPERIENCE (1794). His most acclaimed sonnet, 'The Tyger', was a piece of his Melodies of Experience. He endorsed of free love, and identified with the activities of the French progressives yet the Reign of Terror sickened him. In 1790 Blake engraved THE MARRIAGE OF HEAVEN AND HELL, a book of dumbfounding axioms and his primary writing work. Fundamentally he agreed with the Satan in Milton's Paradise Lost and assaulted the traditional strict perspectives in a progression of axioms. Be that as it may, the writer's life in the domains of pictures didn't satisfy his better half who once commented: I have next to no of Mr. Blake's organization. He is continuously in Paradise. Some of Blake's counterparts considered him a innocuous insane person. The Blakes moved south of the Thames to Lambeth in 1790. During this time Blake started to deal with his 'prophetic books', where he communicated his deep rooted worry with the battle of the spirit to free its characteristic energies from reason and sorted out religion. Despite the fact that Blake first acknowledged Swedenborg's thoughts, he in the end dismissed him. He composed THE Dreams OF THE DAUGHTERS OF ALBION (1793), AMERICA: A PROPHESY (1793), William Blake :: English Literature William Blake William Blake was conceived in London, where he went through a large portion of his time on earth. His father was a fruitful London hosier and pulled in by the teachings of Emmanuel Swedenborg. Blake was first taught at home, mainly by his mom. His folks urged him to gather prints of the Italian bosses, and in 1767 sent him to Henry Pars' drawing school. From his initial years, he encountered dreams of heavenly attendants and spooky priests, he saw and chatted with the holy messenger Gabriel, the Virgin Mary, what's more, different recorded figures. At 14 years old Blake was apprenticed for a long time to the etcher James Basire. Gothic craftsmanship and design impacted him profoundly. After learns at the Royal Academy School, Blake began to create watercolors and imprint outlines for magazines. In 1783 he hitched Catherine Boucher, the little girl of a market planter. Blake instructed her to draw and paint and she helped him faithfully. In 1774 Blake opened with his better half and more youthful sibling Robert a print shop at 27 Broad Street, however the endeavor bombed after the passing of Robert in 1787. Blake's significant social and social contacts included Henry Fuseli, Reverend A.S. Mathew and his better half, John Flaxman (1755-1826), a stone carver and artist, Tom Paine, William Godwin, and Mrs Elizabeth Montagu (1720-1800), wedded to the well off grandson of the lord of Sandwich. His initial sonnets Blake composed at 12 years old. In any case, being early apprenticed to a manual occupation, journalistic-social profession was most certainly not open to him. His first book of sonnets, POETICAL SKETCHES, showed up in 1783 and was trailed by SONGS OF INNOCENCE (1789), and SONGS OF EXPERIENCE (1794). His most popular sonnet, 'The Tyger', was a piece of his Tunes of Experience. He affirmed of free love, and felt for the activities of the French progressives however the Reign of Terror sickened him. In 1790 Blake engraved THE MARRIAGE OF HEAVEN AND HELL, a book of incomprehensible adages and his foremost writing work. Profoundly he agreed with the Satan in Milton's Paradise Lost and assaulted the ordinary strict perspectives in a progression of adages. However, the writer's life in the domains of pictures didn't satisfy his better half who once commented: I have next to no of Mr. Blake's organization. He is continuously in Paradise. Some of Blake's peers considered him a innocuous crazy person. The Blakes moved south of the Thames to Lambeth in 1790. During this time Blake started to chip away at his 'prophetic books', where he communicated his deep rooted worry with the battle of the spirit to free its common energies from reason and sorted out religion. In spite of the fact that Blake first acknowledged Swedenborg's thoughts, he inevitably dismissed him. He composed THE Dreams OF THE DAUGHTERS OF ALBION (1793), AMERICA: A PROPHESY (1793),

neighborhoods we move into and come to love.

neighborhoods we move into and come to love. For anybody too young to have seen my name at the top of the recent entries page before, Im Mollie. I graduated in 2006 with degrees in biology and brain and cognitive sciences, which means that Im going to have my pi reunion this summer. (Yay!) Im currently a third-year PhD student in developmental neurobiology at that other university in Cambridge, and I live with my charming rocket scientist husband Adam 07 and our rabbit (who did not attend MIT) in an apartment just north of Boston. Im here to update you on the breathtaking life of a biology PhD student, which is breathtaking enough to divide into a very small number of categories. Lab and other school things I do less often than lab Since I passed my qualifying exam last January, to my great joy and relief, Im now a PhD candidate in biological and biomedical sciences at Harvard. Functionally, this means that Im basically done taking classes, and Im living in the lab full-time doing research. Eventually Ill finish the projects on which Im working and write my dissertation, which Ill defend in a very long written document as well as orally in front of a group of professors from my program its considered rude to ask a graduate student how much longer until he/she graduates, but you didnt ask, so Ill tell you that I probably have about 3.5 years left. (Hopefully.) My lab studies the development of several different types of neurons in the mammalian brain, and eventually wed like to be able to fix neurodegenerative diseases and neurological injuries using the stem cells native to the brain. Im specifically looking at the role of My Favorite Gene (MFG) in the development of corticospinal motor neurons in the cortex and medium-sized spiny neurons in the striatum we know its important, but we dont know how or why, so my job is to look at the mechanisms of MFG function in the development of these two types of neurons. (If this sounds totally sweet, join my lab we do take MIT UROPs. At the very least, come have $1 ice cream with me in the Mass General cafeteria. Graduate students get lonely.) Things are going well in the lab, although Im breeding a lot of mice right now, and sometimes I feel a little more like a mouse matchmaker than a scientist. I do also get to be a mouse surgeon, which is fun we put pregnant female mice under anesthesia, inject DNA into the embryos using ultrasound guidance, and sew up the females. A few days later, we collect the injected brains and look at the cells that received DNA, which glow green on the microscope. Things I do outside of lab (Graduate students dont really have lives outside of lab, but its fun to pretend.) This year Im at MIT two or three times a week, coaching the cheerleading squad. When I was at MIT, I cheered for four years and was captain for one; this, along with my ability to boss people around and show up on time, qualifies me to coach the squad, at least nominally. Mostly I think I just tell cheerleading stories from the olden days, throw Lulu up in the air (pics or it didnt happen), try to remember forgotten cheers, and get way too emotionally invested in MIT athletic events, but its great to be big and strong again I needed an excuse to get back in the gym. I spend the bulk of my free time hanging out with my curly-haired husband we like to cook together and go to Target (married life! it is exciting!). We also do dorky things for each other; for example, for our one-year wedding anniversary, he designed a mouse brain model in Solidworks and printed it for me on his offices 3D printer (picture, which does not really do justice to the awesomeness). I was thrilled, and everybody in my lab is totally jealous. He went a little more traditional for Christmas, getting me a diamond necklace and a four-foot light-up tinsel giraffe with a Christmas hat on it. (EDIT: For real. I got him a Nintendo DS Lite, a new pocket knife, and a Transformers belt buckle to wear during ski competitions. We think frivolity is a very important aspect of our gift-giving.) I also spend a lot of time on the internets answering questions about MIT and college admissions and life at my internet home, which, contrary to popular opinion, is a good place as long as youre willing to actually contribute instead of just pontificating. (Ahem.) Im busy almost as busy as I was when I was at MIT. Busy is good.

Ethics in Action - 1278 Words

Comparing and Contrasting the Code of Ethics Aquila Mahdi Counseling 501 Liberty University February 26, 2012 Dr. S. Sadik Abstract This paper will attempt to examine the code of ethics from the American Counseling Association (ACA) and the American Association of Christian Counselors (AACC). It will take a look at the differences and similarities shared between the two organizations, respectfully. It will examine confidentiality, dual roles and sexual intimacies. Comparing and Contrasting the Code of Ethics This paper will attempt to examine the code of ethics from the American Counseling Association (ACA) and the American Association of Christian Counselors (AACC). It will take a look at the differences and†¦show more content†¦They are also forbidden from pressuring clients into any questionable social relationships. The American Counseling Association (2004) takes it a step further by forbidding any sexual relationships with clients, family members or current sexual partners. Both ethical codes may differ in approach but in theory they are both consistent with protecting the client and their vulnerabilities as they discuss some of their most intimate details to their therapist. From examining both ethical statutes, therapists can take it one step forward by taking ownership in violating the bond between therapist and client. Years of education, training and personal responsibility should prevent therapist from violating the bond between client and therapist. Clients entrust therapist with intimate details and instill trust in the therapist. This relationship can sometimes cross boundaries and cause the client to view the therapist in a different light. The same can be said of therapists who have gained the admiration and trust of their client. This places them at an unfair disadvantage and gives them the upper hand and a manipulative stance in entering any relationship outside of the proper scope of the therapist-client relationship. Sexuality and confidentiality aren’t the only issues when it comes to dual roles and conflicts of interest in the therapist-patient relationship. Obviously the therapist’s main concern should be inShow MoreRelatedEthics Of Personal Ethics Action Plan2450 Words   |  10 Pages Personal Ethics Action Plan OLS 263 – 11331 : Ethical Decisions in Leadership Matthew Rust Spring 2015 Indiana University – Purdue University at Indianapolis â€Æ' Mission Statement Throughout my life I will dedicate myself to the betterment of my community, my workplace, and the people around me. I will hold the values of fairness, innovation, and productivity key in my duties. All of my actions and thoughts will go through an ethical filter to ensure that I stay in line with myRead MoreThe Ethics Of Human Action1629 Words   |  7 Pagesfree? Determinism, compatibilism, and libertarianism are three different philosophical approaches to answering this question. Determinism is the view that outside forces are responsible for human actions (Chaffee, 2016, p. 159). Extreme determinists, or â€Å"hard† determinists argue that every human action is caused by factors outside their control (Chaffee, 2016, p. 159). These factors can include predisposition at birth, their environment and experiences, their psychological make up, and social influencesRead MoreQuestions and Answers on Ethics in Action2141 Words   |  9 PagesEthics in Action Segment Responses Liberty University SEGMENT ONE: MANAGING BOUNDARIES 1.If this was your client, what would you say and do? Be specific. Why would you respond this way? If this were my client, I would further explore the reasons she desires the out of office interaction, and the possible risks and benefits of this interaction. For instance, I could say, â€Å"You say that meeting in the office makes you feel uncomfortable, can you elaborateRead MoreEthical Action Reflection Essay : Ethics945 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Action Reflection Essay Ethics vary between people and are exercised in many different forms. Ethics are the way individuals decide what is â€Å"right† from what is â€Å"wrong†. One reason ethics vary so drastically is because of different world views. World Views are quite simply how people view the world around them and attach meaning to life in general. By knowing a person’s world view we can assume a certain ethical theory and will therefore be able to make educated guesses on how they willRead More Ethics of Affirmative Action Essay example2184 Words   |  9 PagesAffirmative Action: Staying on the Road to Equality â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness† (Declaration of Independence, 1776). Who would imagine that in a country under the blanket such a brilliant, ethical and proud statement of equality, there could be so much dissention about equality? Our nation has interpretedRead MoreEthics Is The Art And Discipline Of Discerning The Right, The Good, And The Fitting Action Essay2064 Words   |  9 Pages According to Professor Miller, â€Å"ethics is the art and discipline of discerning the right, the good, and the fitting action to take, and having the creativity and courage to do it† (cite). Ethical decision making begins with defining ethics. Ethics, however, goes further than a mere definition, but must be grounded in sources that will provide the proper knowledge to carry out the right, the good, and the fitting actions. By defining ethics, and the sources that make up that definition, a frameworkRead MoreThe Importance Of Ethics, Motivation, And A Role Model And Developing An Action Plan For An Organization1205 Words   |  5 Pages The importance of understanding ethics, motivation to act as a role model and developing an action plan for an organization are discussed because of their importance regarding development of good leadership. The personal ethics positively affect leadership and when made a priority for leaders will produce ethical and effective leadership to the organization. With so many definitions of leadership, the question evolved from â€Å"what is the definition of leadership?† to â€Å"what is good leadership† (CiullaRead MoreNormative Ethics: Society Determines What Moral and Ethical Act or Action is Correct and Acceptable1446 Words   |  6 PagesNormative ethics are those ethical principles and values that are considered morally correct and express principles of good character, actions that are viewed as right rather than wrong and are commonly accepted and reasonable. The prompt in this assignment refers to the requirement of â€Å"the existence of normative† requiri ng the practice of normative ethics in how individuals and society determine what moral and ethical act or action is correct and acceptable. Normative ethics embraces the philosophicalRead MoreMoral Wisdom Seems to Be as Little Connected to Knowledge of Ethical Theory as Playing Good Tennis Is to Knowledge of Physics (Emrys Westacott). to What Extent Should Our Actions Be Guided by Our Theories in Ethics and Elsewhere?1737 Words   |  7 Pages(Emrys Westacott). To what extent should our actions be guided by our theories in ethics and elsewhere? The question is with regards to whether moral reasoning is more accurate compared to the -theory-based knowledge of science. I think that ethical theory should be used for our moral conduct while the sciences should be used in other areas of knowledge instead. Thus, this essay will discuss on to whether our actions should be guided by our theories in ethics. Moral reasoning is expecting people justifyingRead MoreThe Ethics Of Duty Ethics1356 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction As a society, there are actions that can be considered as rights or duties. This philosophy is referred to as Duty Ethics, or Deontological Ethics. Duty Ethics highlights what is the â€Å"right thing to do instead of what is the good thing to do† (Philosophy, 2016). In addition, the duty ethics philosophy tries to â€Å"justify the duty to behave one way over another† (Philosophy, 2016). The concept of duty ethics can be used to determine right behaviors, as well as to determine what should

Unit 064 Context and Principles for Early Years Provision

Unit 064 CONTEXT AND PRINCIPLES FOR EARLY YEARS PROVISION 064.1.1 Explain the legal status and the principles of the relevant early year’s framework/s, and how national and local guidelines materials are used in settings The statutory framework for the EYFS sets out the legal requirements relating to learning and development and to welfare. The EYFS framework has statutory force by virtue of Section 44 of the Childcare Act 2006. The EYFS is a central part of the ten year childcare strategy Choice for parents, the best start for children and the landmark Childcare Act 2006. This Act, which regulates the childcare in England, formalise the important strategic role of local authorities play through a set of duties. These duties require†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â€"  Ã¢â€"   Learning and Development - recognises that children develop and learn in different ways and at different rates, and that all areas of learning and development are equally important and inter-connected. This approach ensures that the EYFS reaches its aim it is every child’s right to grow up safe; healthy; enjoying and achieving; making a positive contribution; and with economic well-being. The aim of the EYFS is to help young children achieve the five Every Child Matters outcomes of staying safe, being healthy, enjoying and achieving, making a positive contribution, and achieving economic well-being by: 1. Setting the standards for the learning, development and care, ensuring that every child makes progress and that no child gets left behind. Parents, providers should deliver individualised learning, development and care that enhances the development of the children in their care and gives those children the best possible start in life. Every child should be supported individually to make progress at their own pace and children who need extra support to fulfil their potential should receive special consideration. All providers have an equally important role to play in children’s early years experiences and they have to ensure that the provision they deliver is both appropriate to children’ needs and complementary to the education and care provided in child’s other settings. 2. Providing for equality of opportunity andShow MoreRelateddone Unit 064 Context and Principles fo4917 Words   |  20 Pagesï » ¿Unit 064 Context and Principles for Early Years Provision Out come 1 1] Explain the legal status and principles of the relevant early years frameworks, and how national and local guidance materials are used in settings. The government is interested in the care and education of children and it realised its potential impact on children. The four nations that form the United Kingdom have slightly different approaches to the planning and delivery of early years education and all the four nations areRead MoreFactors Affect Choice of Bank Services23387 Words   |  94 Pagesconvenience sampling was used and data was factor analyzed to reduce the number of total variables in to manageable way. Finding from this study reveal that the most two important bank selection criteria for customers are â€Å"convenience† and â€Å"service provision† for the entire customers while it is â€Å"bank’s image† as the second most important factor for male customers. On the other hand, the least two important factors of bank selection for customers are â€Å"financial benefits/ technology†, â€Å"reputation† andRead MoreManchester Business School : Declaration And Ownership Of Int ellectual Property Rights9003 Words   |  37 PagesLiu, who spent countless hours on the phone with me in the final days of writing, to offer guidance and moral support. Many thanks to Dr. Diers, whose classes and American references were the ever so wonderful. Some of the most valuable lessons this year occurred outside the confines of Manchester Business School. To my colleagues on the course from around the globe, you were all worth the time in rainy Manchester. It’s been real guys. Thank you to all the friends and family who helped in my dataRead MoreCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 Pagescompanies. Presented within the cases are problems and situations that managers and those with whom they work must analyse and resolve. As you will see, a strategic management case can focus on an entire industry, a single organisation or a business unit of a large, diversified firm. The strategic management issues facing not-for-profit organisations also can be examined using the case analysis method. Basically, the case analysis method calls for a careful diagnosis of an organization’s current conditionsRead MoreSolution Fundamental Corporate Finance122999 Words   |  492 Pagesprimary reason executive compensation has grown so dramatically is that companies have increasingly moved to stock-based compensation. Such movement is obviously consistent with the attempt to better align stockholder and management interests. In recent years, stock prices have soared, so management has cleaned up. It is sometimes argued that much of this reward is simply due to rising stock prices in general, not managerial performance. Perhaps in the future, executive compensation will be designed toRead MoreCorporate Finance174197 Words   |  697 Pagesprimary reason executive compensation has grown so dramatically is that companies have increasingly moved to stock-based compensation. Such movement is obviously consistent with the attempt to better align stockholder and management interests. In recent years, stock prices have soared, so management has cleaned up. It is sometimes argued that much of this reward is simply due to rising stock prices in general, not managerial performance. Perhaps in the future, executive compensation will be designed to

Describe and Evaluate Biological Explanations of Depression Free Essays

Describe and evaluate biological explanations of depression There are many different explanations for depression, including biological. Links have been found between biochemical, genetics and hormonal imbalances with depressed people. In the biochemical explanation, a link has been found between neurotransmitter imbalances and depression. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe and Evaluate Biological Explanations of Depression or any similar topic only for you Order Now Serotonin is associated with pleasure and mood. Mann et al found impaired transmission of serotonin in people with depression. However Julian disagrees with this statement and says depression may be due to neuron damage rather than a neurotransmitter reduction. The problem with this approach is that it implies correlation and not causation, there may be a link but something else could be causing both depression and low serotonin. There is the chicken and egg problem – does low serotonin cause depression or does depression cause low serotonin? In other areas of psychology low serotonin has been linked with increased aggression and eating disorders, as well as anxiety. Someone that has low serotonin does not necessarily become depressed. There is also the problem where people are depressed but have normal serotonin levels. This shows that depression is not fully down to biochemical imbalances but other things as well. It is a very simplistic and reductionist model and should only be included as a vulnerability and not the whole answer to depression. Another explanation is a genetic problem. Through many family studies Gershon states there is a clear inheritable component to depression, especially in bipolar disorder. Weisseman et al supports this by saying that for if a child has a parent with depression, the risk of the child having depression is increased by three times compared to the general population. This is a strong finding but as the children share the same environment as their parents, there is a possibility that the child has learnt the behaviour through the social learning theory of imitating and observing and not through genetics. Kendler et al studied over 15000 twins in Sweden and found that if one twin has depression, there is a 38% chance that the other twin will have it too. This has strong methodology and is supported by many twin studies who have found similar results. On the other hand the twins share the same environment and so environmental influences may still be possible. The results were nowhere near 100% showing that depression is not fully down to genes, the people may have a genetic vulnerability but it takes something to trigger, perhaps. It is also unclear as to how exactly genes play a role in depression, without knowing the exact genes involved. Another way to access the significance of genes is through adoption studies. Wender found that a child is seven times more likely to have depression if the biological parents were depressed and the adoption parents were not. They found little evidence of depression being learnt. However Wender got his information about biological relatives just from hospital records and so there could be error of misdiagnosis or short-term depression only. The knowledge of whether a person has a genetic vulnerability to depression can be useful as the person is able to take preventative measures (change in lifestyle, diet to bring positivity to avoid depression), but it could be fatalistic as they understand they are more likely to become depressed – leading to depression. Diathesis-stress model says that depression can be better understood as an interaction between genes and environmental factors. Carroll found that high levels of the hormone cortisol are found in those suffering from depression and techniques known to suppress cortisol secretion have been found to be successful in depressive patients. However cortisol is released when stressed and so the high levels could be due to the high levels of stress the person has when they are depressed. As depression is twice as common in women as men, it could be due to the differences in sex hormones. Post-natal depression could be due to the high levels of oestrogen and progesterone that are released during pregnancy and then rapidly decrease once the baby is born which may account for an imbalance of hormones. Cooper disagrees with this statement as there was very little difference in the number of women suffering from depression after childhood and a control group of non-pregnant women at the same age. If imbalance of hormones was the cause then most mothers should get this type of illness but it is only a small number that get it. Menopausal depression is where oestrogen levels drop and hormone replacement therapy appears to be affective in treating many (but not all) women who suffer from this type of depression. However this could be due to the negative thoughts of getting older rather than the hormonal imbalance. Through the biological approach there are many possibilities. I think it is a mixture of biological vulnerabilities and stressful environments. How to cite Describe and Evaluate Biological Explanations of Depression, Essay examples Describe and Evaluate Biological Explanations of Depression Free Essays Describe and evaluate biological explanations of depression There are many different explanations for depression, including biological. Links have been found between biochemical, genetics and hormonal imbalances with depressed people. In the biochemical explanation, a link has been found between neurotransmitter imbalances and depression. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe and Evaluate Biological Explanations of Depression or any similar topic only for you Order Now Serotonin is associated with pleasure and mood. Mann et al found impaired transmission of serotonin in people with depression. However Julian disagrees with this statement and says depression may be due to neuron damage rather than a neurotransmitter reduction. The problem with this approach is that it implies correlation and not causation, there may be a link but something else could be causing both depression and low serotonin. There is the chicken and egg problem – does low serotonin cause depression or does depression cause low serotonin? In other areas of psychology low serotonin has been linked with increased aggression and eating disorders, as well as anxiety. Someone that has low serotonin does not necessarily become depressed. There is also the problem where people are depressed but have normal serotonin levels. This shows that depression is not fully down to biochemical imbalances but other things as well. It is a very simplistic and reductionist model and should only be included as a vulnerability and not the whole answer to depression. Another explanation is a genetic problem. Through many family studies Gershon states there is a clear inheritable component to depression, especially in bipolar disorder. Weisseman et al supports this by saying that for if a child has a parent with depression, the risk of the child having depression is increased by three times compared to the general population. This is a strong finding but as the children share the same environment as their parents, there is a possibility that the child has learnt the behaviour through the social learning theory of imitating and observing and not through genetics. Kendler et al studied over 15000 twins in Sweden and found that if one twin has depression, there is a 38% chance that the other twin will have it too. This has strong methodology and is supported by many twin studies who have found similar results. On the other hand the twins share the same environment and so environmental influences may still be possible. The results were nowhere near 100% showing that depression is not fully down to genes, the people may have a genetic vulnerability but it takes something to trigger, perhaps. It is also unclear as to how exactly genes play a role in depression, without knowing the exact genes involved. Another way to access the significance of genes is through adoption studies. Wender found that a child is seven times more likely to have depression if the biological parents were depressed and the adoption parents were not. They found little evidence of depression being learnt. However Wender got his information about biological relatives just from hospital records and so there could be error of misdiagnosis or short-term depression only. The knowledge of whether a person has a genetic vulnerability to depression can be useful as the person is able to take preventative measures (change in lifestyle, diet to bring positivity to avoid depression), but it could be fatalistic as they understand they are more likely to become depressed – leading to depression. Diathesis-stress model says that depression can be better understood as an interaction between genes and environmental factors. Carroll found that high levels of the hormone cortisol are found in those suffering from depression and techniques known to suppress cortisol secretion have been found to be successful in depressive patients. However cortisol is released when stressed and so the high levels could be due to the high levels of stress the person has when they are depressed. As depression is twice as common in women as men, it could be due to the differences in sex hormones. Post-natal depression could be due to the high levels of oestrogen and progesterone that are released during pregnancy and then rapidly decrease once the baby is born which may account for an imbalance of hormones. Cooper disagrees with this statement as there was very little difference in the number of women suffering from depression after childhood and a control group of non-pregnant women at the same age. If imbalance of hormones was the cause then most mothers should get this type of illness but it is only a small number that get it. Menopausal depression is where oestrogen levels drop and hormone replacement therapy appears to be affective in treating many (but not all) women who suffer from this type of depression. However this could be due to the negative thoughts of getting older rather than the hormonal imbalance. Through the biological approach there are many possibilities. I think it is a mixture of biological vulnerabilities and stressful environments. How to cite Describe and Evaluate Biological Explanations of Depression, Essays

Rise And Fall Of The Nova Scotia Coal Industry Essays - Coal Mining

Rise And Fall Of The Nova Scotia Coal Industry Introduction Coal mining has always been an important component of Nova Scotia's economy, landscape and culture. Together with cod fishing it was the primary export and employer for the regions population. With both industries now failing, the poor economic climate will no doubt have an effect on the population. This paper attempts to examine the economic conditions, market forces, and political maneuvering that gave rise to the coal industry in Nova Scotia as well as those contributing to its demise. Coal Formation The first stage in the formation of the fossil fuel we know as coal is large accumulations of organic matter, an anoxic environment, and large amounts of time. Dead plant material readily decomposes when exposed to the oxygen rich atmosphere so an oxygen poor environment is required. Common environments meeting these conditions were swamps of the Carboniferous period. As plant life died in these swamps the dead organic matter sank into the oxygen deficient stagnant water where it was partially decomposed by bacteria. This partial decomposition lead to an accumulation of a spongy brown material known as peat. Peat itself can serve as an energy source albeit not a very efficient one. The next stage in coal development involves the burying of the peat accumulations by layers of sediment (Montgomery, 1990). As the peat is buried more and more pressure and heat is exerted upon the peat squeezing out the water and various gasses (volatiles) and increasing the carbon content (Lutgens, Tarbu ck, 1993). With shallow burial one gets lignite, a soft brown coal. Then as more and more sediment is loaded on top of the deposit more water and volatiles are pressed out increasing the carbon content changing lignite to bituminous coal. With even more pressure and heat, like the kind associated with mountain building one gets anthracitic coal. So generally the more pressure and heat that the peat experiences the higher the concentration of carbon and the more efficient the fuel. However, too much heat and pressure may result in the changing of coal to graphite (See Fig. 1). Fig. 1 Graph illustrating the relationship between carbon concentration and fuel efficiency. Note the decline in heating value as more volatiles are removed Source: Montgomery 1990. The coal present in eastern Canada was formed in the Fundy Basin of deposition. This basin developed after the Acadian orogeny . After these mountains were formed they immediately underwent physical and chemical weathering, and sediment washed down their slopes to be deposited in the Fundy Basin. In the Fundy basin sediment was further deposited in various sub basins compacting the peat layers present and forming the coalfields of Nova Scotia. The Riversdale fields were the first to be covered by sediment and therefore the oldest followed by the Cumberland deposits and the youngest and most extensive deposits, the Pictou group (Calder, 1985). Rise of the Coal Industry The first historical mention of coal in Nova Scotia was by then Governor Nicholas Denys in dispatches to France in 1673. In his dispatches he wrote that there was a mountain of good coal four leagues up the Spanish River near Cow Bay, Cape Breton Island. The first mining operation to be set up was by the French Acadians to supply the fortress of Louisbourg with coal for heating and various industrial uses. Mining in Pictou county started in 1807 after the discovery of coal there in 1798 by Reverend James MacGregor. Other entrepreneurs quickly realized the potential for profits and several sank small mines into the area (Calder, 1985). The age of the private locally operated mines would soon come to an end however. The King of England at the time was George the IV whose brother was Frederick, the Duke of York. Through his high living and gambling Frederick had incurred a substantial debt. In August of 1826 the King granted upon Frederick a sixty-year lease on all of the mineral rights of the province of Nova Scotia to assist him in paying his debt. Frederick then transferred the right to the General Mining association in 1827. Many thought it unfair that the GMA have a monopoly on all the coal mining in Nova Scotia and the Nova Scotia Legislature had the monopoly